Yesterday, on behalf of the Land Use Research Foundation of Hawaii, we filed this brief amicus curiae in the U.S. Supreme Court in Maunalua Bay Beach Ohana 28 v. Hawaii, No. 10-331 (cert. petition filed Sep. 7, 2010). The Supreme Court's docket entry on the case is here.
This is the case in which the Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals concluded that ownership of beachfront property includes only a partial right to accreted land. In Maunalua Bay Beach Ohana 28 v. State of Hawaii, 122 Haw. 34, 222 P.3d 441 (Haw. Ct. App. 2009), the ICA held that held that "Act 73" (codifed here and here), the statute in which the legislature redefined accretion as public property was a taking of existing accreted land, but held that Act 73 did not affect a taking of what it called "future" accretion, because the right is simply a contingent future interest. The cert petition is available here.
The Cato Institute and Pacific Legal Foundation also filed an amicus brief urging the Court to review the case. See If Only Hawaii's Government Were as Beautiful as Its Beaches.
The LURF amicus brief poses this Question Presented:
In 2003, the Hawaii legislature adopted Act 73, which declared that the private right to own accretion on beachfront parcels was public property. The statute did not provide for compensation, and upon challenge by the Petitioners, a state trial court invalidated Act 73 as a regulatory taking.The Intermediate Court of Appeals of Hawaii partially affirmed, concluding that Act 73 was a taking of accreted land in existence in 2003 when the Act became effective. It also concluded, however, that the statute was not a taking of "future accretion," or land that might be accreted after 2003, because there was no certainty that accretion would occur, and littoral owners' right to accretion was therefore not "vested." The court concluded the legislature was free to recharacterize the private right to accretion as state property without compensation because Petitioners never owned it. In other words, the right to accretion is not "property" as that term is used in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments.The question presented is whether the right to accretion is property within the meaning of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, and therefore protected from ipse dixit redefinition into public property.
Here's a summary of the brief:
To rescue Act 73 from total invalidity under the Takings Clause, the court below created a distinction never before recognized in Hawaii law between "vested existing accretions" which are constitutionally protected property, and "unvested future accretions," which are not. The latter, the court concluded, could be transformed ipse dixit by the Hawaii legislature into public property without compensation. After all, how could a littoral owner possess a property interest in land that had not yet accreted?The supposed distinction between "existing" and "future" accreted land is illusory, however, and overlooks the critical private property interest which Act 73 redefined as public property. Hawaii law had for over a century recognized that littoral owners possessed the right to accretion. That right was a present right, was "vested," and, as surely as interest follows principal, cannot be transformed by the stroke of the legislature’s pen into public property. The Constitution – in addition to recognizing as property the accreted land in existence at the time of the adoption of Act 73 in 2003 – also protects the right to all accretion. Thus, when Act 73 declared that accretion belonged to the state, it confiscated private property without due process or condemnation, and violated the Fifth and the Fourteenth Amendments.This brief focuses on two issues. First, the right to accretion is a present property interest protected by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments from uncompensated legislative redefinition as public property. This right is not limited merely as accreted land in existence on the day the legislature adopted Act 73, and the court below strayed far afield from this Court’s established precedents when it concluded that the only property interest protected by the Constitution was the land already accreted. Second, to provide context to the lower court’s decision and how it reached its conclusion, this brief summarizes the decades-long experiences of Hawaii’s property owners who have seen their established common law property rights eroded into public property. The case at bar is only the latest example.
Brief at 3-4 (emphasis original) (footnote omitted).
The State of Hawaii has waived its right to file a brief in opposition (unless the Court orders a BIO be filed), and the case will be considered at the Court's conference on October 29, 2010.
More to follow.
